Death Penalty For Children

The death penalty issue has always been one of the most important issues of the contemporary system of justice. Years ago the majority of the criminals were male over 20, but nowadays the situation has quite changed. Not only grown-ups but also by children who are under 18 years old nowadays commit murders and other terrible crimes. Ordinarily, a young criminal is not applied the same restrictions for his crime as a grown criminal is, nevertheless if it especially goes about capital crimes people start talking about the death penalty for such juveniles.

A child always remains a child and if he commits a crime it is not because he has had a good life. It is not the guilt of the children, but their big misfortune. It is a misfortune of not having anybody to love and truly support them and lead them in the correct direction. Along with that it is common knowledge that the period of 11 through 17 is a period of an especially intensive changes both in the organism and the mind of a child. That is why it is not fair to put a child in the same line with a grown up that can be completely responsible for his actions. A child is not mentally capable of comprehending the crime he or she commits. The system of values in the age under 18 is not built yet, other people can easily influence children and the psychic process are not stable yet. Under these conditions a child should never be sentences to death or a life sentence for they still have a chance to change and re-evaluate their life. If the aim of the prison is to change criminals for better then children under 18 should become the “material for changes” of the highest priority.

The year of 1988 was an extremely important year of the United States of America in terms of the death penalty for adolescent criminals. Before that time even a fifteen year old could be a subject to a death penalty for capital crimes. The Supreme Court in 1988 refused to use death penalty over those criminals that were under the age of sixteen. Nevertheless the 1988 decision did not influence many states and for instance, the state of Texas conducted its last death penalty over a juvenile in 2002. The U.S. Supreme Court has always called the execution of children a violation of the Constitution, where a child is every person under the age of eighteen years old. Nowadays 19 out of 51 state allow the conduction of the death penalty over children who are sixteen and seventeen years old. The death penalty of children fewer than eighteen years old is immoral, for killing a child implies killing a weaker human being that simply required supervision and attention from the side of his parents. As each society tends to be more humanistic, the probability of the fact that an eighteen-year-old is as guilty as a grown-up criminal starts being completely neglected. One of the main cases of the modernity was the case of 2004 of Roper v. Simmons. This was a fight between two completely opposite opinions – one was that death penalty for juveniles is completely normal, as the capital crimes they commit are sometimes even worse then those committed by the grown criminals; and the other side was that death penalty for juveniles is completely unconstitutional and absolutely immoral as they are only children and not mature grown ups able to be fully responsible for their actions.

The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the American Society for Adolescent Psychiatry, the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and the American Psychiatric Association have claimed that facts against the death penalty for children under the age of eighteen.

The main reason of such statement is the fact that the researchers reveals: the prefrontal cortex, situated in the frontal lobe of a human being whish is responsible for the formation of the most important functions of the brain finished its completely formation after everything else, so is the part that forms the longest amount of time . According to the Wall Street Journal the prefrontal cortex is the management center of the human brain as it is the part responsible for the most important function – planning, anticipation of the consequences, controlling the impulses and is responsible for abstract thinking. And the most important fact is that this part of the brain is a subject to continuing formation until a human being is twenty-years-old. The second vital piece of information is that the decision –making process in adulthood is controlled by amygdala, known as the most primitive part of the human brain and therefore is the center of impulses and emotions.

These facts emphasize the notion that the change of the brain during the period of adolescence is immense and this is the reason young people reveal a big deal of the irrational behavior of the humanity. Children should not be sentences to death as the development and therefore the functioning of the brain is not the same for teenagers and adults. The line for death penalty should be drawn at age 18 because at these age the majority of the processes stabilize and rich the state of full brain formation. Even if a child knows what is not right to do, but he or she may still perform a behavior that would not be socially appropriate and may even damage the lives of other people because of the their mental incapability to evaluate their behavior properly.

So, according to the age peculiarities a teenager under the age of eighteen by no means should become a subject of death penalty. Some congressmen still tried to apply death penalty through lethal injection to guilty juveniles sixteen years of age. Such proposed legislations are truly inhumane and break all the moral laws and the rights that every child possesses. In case the Congress approved such legislation as a reaction the protests would have been tremendous, as killing people that have not even reached their mental and physical development potential means killing a person that is not able to take full responsibility for his or her actions.

There is not secret that the United Nations Organization has signed the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and especially its Article 37 whish states that a child should never be a subject to cruel, treatment and punishment. According to this very article the offenders that are below eighteen years of age cannot be sentenced to life in prison or become subjects to death penalty [5]. This convention also states that a child that has committed a crime and is under 18 needs to go through rehabilitation. The possibility for the child being rehabilitated is recognizes a child being a human being and provides that possibility for the child to start his or her life for new. Such rehabilitation gives the second chance for the child and his family, because a child can change due to the fact that the development of the functions in his brain has not stopped yet.

Each human being is born innocent and it is important not to forget that 2/3 of the negative manifestations are acquired from the way parent bring their child up and the child’s social environment. If the child has only aggressive and violent examples in his social environment, is not accepted and guided by his parents, not supported by his teachers then the child’s personality deforms. For instance it is obvious that if a child is abusive he has a deficit of tactile contact and gentleness. These deformations may have the harshest forms: emotional instability of the child, aggression, and violence against other people. A juvenile is NOT an adult criminal and should never be treated alike, and especially be a subject to death penalty. The death penalty is meant to make criminals scared of committing serious crimes, but in reality this does not work this exact way. It is more important to prevent children from committing crimes and to remember that children do not commit crimes on the basis whether the crime in accordance with the punishment for it put simply reflect what the family and the society have put into his “head”.

Lionel Tate’s case may without any doubt be called the most well known criminal case of the beginning of the XXI century. Lionel Tate, a teenager was born 1987. At the age of fourteen he was accused of a murder he committed when he was twelve years old, for which he obtained a life-long sentence. The details of the case are the following: at the age of twelve Lionel Tate killed Tiffany Eunick who was six years old. The girl was Tate’s playmate. The details of the murder are awful – the body of the girl has numerous signs of brutality such as injuries one of which is the skull fracture. Lionel Tate was only twelve years old when he committed this murder. It has been announced that the boy was only copying the wrestling moves, but no matter what it was the boy was imitating something that he has seen before either on TV or in real life. The Court found the boy guilty and accused him of a first-degree murder. The punishment for that is a life in prison.

The fact of giving a life sentence to a fourteen-year old shocked the society because everybody understood that a child in his twelve years couldn’t be judged as a mentally developed adult. It was for the panel of the 4th District Court of Appeal that a new trial was set in order to identify if Tate comprehended the proceedings held against him. The competency of a fourteen-year-old child to stand the trial was very questionable. The reveled the understanding that such a child cannot be mentally capable of taking responsibility for his own actions. It is obvious that Lionel Tate has committed a serious crime and the consequences of his actions are simply terrible because the life of another child was taken away. None says that the boy should not be punished, but not with death penalty or life in prison. The decision of home arrest and probation is right for Lionel Tate. Lionel Tate deserves being punished but not made to spend his whole lifetime in a prison for a crime he committed when he was twelve years old and could not take full responsibility for his actions and completely realize the consequences of his actions for the little girl and himself. That is the reason this example should always be kept in mind by congressmen before they make another juvenile lethal injection suggestion.

According to the Death Penalty Information Center 72 juveniles on death rows were under 18 when they committed the crime they were accused for. It is twenty-nine for Texas, fourteen for Alabama, five for Mississippi, four for Arizona, Louisiana and North Carolina, three for Florida and South Caroline, two for Georgia and Pennsylvania and one for Nevada and Virginia. Such states as Arkansas, Idaho, Kentucky, Oklahoma, Utah, Delaware and New Hampshire do allow juvenile execution but at the moment do not have any juveniles on death row at the moment [6].

All these “criminals” were children under eighteen when their crimes were committed. Being under eighteen great changes were happening in the brains and bodies making this people emotionally instable. Other factors gave them the example of how the crime can be committed but their inability to evaluate the consequences and the lack of functionality of the decision-making process lead to a sad end. They all should be punished, in order to firmly understand that committing crimes against other human beings is immoral but their death is not best way out of the problem. Forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing!

Free Topic: Java Jazz 2007

Java Jazz 2001 is one of the best night in my life. There were so many artist who performed there. I actually wanted to watch Jamie Cullum but the but tickets are already sold out. At last i watched Level 42 with uncle and aunt. Level 42 performed at 11 pm which means they were the closer of Java Jazz 2007 but the audience still excited to watch them.

That was the their second performance at Java Jazz 2007. Although already appearing on the first day but the audience still wanted to watch this band from England.

Frontman Mark King as the old 80's generations looked in his best performance with the others members. Slapping his style one the bass continue to dominate throughout the show. Level 42 is actually is Mark King.

By the end of the show, thousands of spectators still participate swayed when singles like Running In The Family, lesson In Love and Something About You played. Included their new single called Cold Water. Wing funk fusion group had a chance to use classic trick by pretending to quit the show after they play Something About You. Seeing the audience who still did not move, they went back to carrying two final single, Sleep Talking and The Chinese Way.

Although old age wrinkles already looked at Mark King's face, but his spirit was still excellent. his vocal and shred bass sounded smooth flawless. Sweet.

That was my first concert. i actually didn't know anything about Level 42 but the show was unreal !!! Mark King is really a King of bass.

Why do people prefer to buy vehicle than to use bus ?

Crazy traffic jam. 24 hours non stop. That's the best words to describe the traffic jam in Jakarta. Old vehicle and new vehicle become one on the road. Traffic jam has been a 'lifetime' problem of this city. Time magazine named Jakarta as the best place to learn patience for having the worst traffic in Asia. The government has tried to solve this but the it became worse. 

I've been sticking with this crazy traffic jam since the first day i was here. I've been seeing people with posh vehicle feel disappointed about this condition. In my opinion, they have to take a look at their car and count how many empty seat there. But i can't blame on them 100%. They work at the office and of course they don't want to use bus which always full of people with bad service.

Their car is a new one. It's way much different with bus which usually old or used bus from other countries. People who have their own car can do anything there. they can listen to their favorite music, watching television etc. People who use bus can't do that because of the space. They can only sit or talk to other people. Boring activities tough. Bus are also often broke down because the engine is old. 

More vehicle in Jakarta means the traffic jam is going crazier. It also waste of time. The bus drivers typically like to endanger the safety of passengers. They are driving like a F1 racer. I think that's the first reason why people prefer to use their own vehicle than to use bus. 

If we observe the traffic jam in Jakarta we can see the rhythmic of the traffic jam. The most heavy traffic jam is always in the ending time of office hour especially in the primer street point to outer city area (BOTABEK à Bogor, Tangerang, Bekasi and Depok). Such as in the Mampang-Buncit street (vehicle form south of Jakarta, Jakarta, Cinere, and Depok). A research in 2002 said that not less than 139.700 traffic take place in south of Jakarta with 716.000 total movements in traffic average speed only about 34.5 km/hours. Can you imagine how bad the traffic is??

I think some best way to solve this problem is the government must buy really new buses. Train the drivers in order to provide best services to passengers. Add some facilities for entertainment of passengers on the bus.the last but not least is please make a better planning in Trans Jakarta. I see now is that the government make it all in one time which make all the street suffering worse in traffic jam because all the street are under construction. I hope they will make it one by one. If they make it one by one it will be easier for others to find alternative way in order to avoid the street construction.

Fan

Do you know what  fan is ? Fan is person who likes an actor, band, manga etc. Suppoter is its another name. Sometimes fan is very nice and make its idol happy. In the other hand a fan is also annoying.

There are two kind of fan. Big name fan & fan girl. A big name fan is a fan who has achieved notoriety and respect within a fandom for their constributions for their idol. They make fan club, gathering with the other fans etc. They also make event or merchandise to make their idol to be more popular. It's way much different with fan girl. It's a fan obsession with their idol. They are so annoying. They supposed to do thing extremely like scream when they see their idol or touch theirs idol's body.

Fan loyalty can be treatened by team actions. Some big name fans have made such a longstanding contribution to the support of a celebrity that they are able to meet the object of their affection and interest. They write about their idol on blog, tumblr, twitter etc so people can recognize and fall in love with their idol. In the other hand, fan girl is usually fighting with other fangirls over who "owns" the idol.

If their idol come to do a concert, a big name fan will announce it on their website. They also help the promotor who bring their idol in ticket sale. Some big name fans made cards with number and name to help fans who registered to them to get their ticket easily. On the other hand, a fangirl's behaviour can fall anywhere. they're just obsesses with their idol, dreaming their idol will be theirs but do nothing to promote their idol.

Big name fans may have their own fans who praise them and seek out their work. Sometimes they make competiton and give away tickets and help other fans to know more about their idol. Sometimes they invited as guest of honour of a show about their idol which pay for appearance. Fan girls get nothing. no one likes them because of their behaviour.

If you were asked to send one thing to represent your country to an international exhibition, what would you choose? Why?

I love dance so i'd send folk Indonesian folk dances. Indonesian folk dances is so unique and interesting. people believe its beginning in religious workship. Even today, many dances are considered sacred or can be traced back to their early spiritual associations. Among these are not only the temple dances of Bali, but also such seemingly profane dances, such as the Bedoyo Ketawang of Solo, performed only on such rare occasions that they are in peril of becoming lost for the lack of younger generation dancers able to perform them.

Dance traditions today are as widely diverse as the various ethnic cultures of which they are part. Nurtured to refined perfection in the royal Javanese courts and princely homes the classical dances of Central Java are highly stylized expressions which have probably already attained their basic movements during the height of the Hindu-Javanese culture from the 8th to the 13th century. From the courts, those dances eventually reached the broad strata of the common people who gave them a more spontaneous form of expression.

In the hands of the people, these dances provided a rich source not only for popular dance dramas, but also for social dances which often display clear erotic overtones, such as Tayuban or Ngibing.

The bumbung dance of Bali which incidentally evolved into the beautiful "bumblebee dance" and Tamulilingan, a creation of Bali's late famed maestro of the dance, I Mario.

Other popular folk dances still display strong magic associations, as for instance the "kuda lumping horse dance". Whereas rigid discipline and artistry mark the dance of Java and Bali, those of Sumatra, Maluku and most of the other islands (one exception is the Gending Sriwijaya of South Sumatra) are characterized by their gracefulness and charm, a distinction which is further accentuated by the entirely different, non- gamelan, musical accompaniment.

The old traditions of dance and drama are being preserved in the many dance schools which flourish not only in the courts but also in the modern, government-run or supervised art academies where at the same time the search is continually being conducted for new expressions better adapted to modern times though based on the old traditions.

in th[ u m t 8L xn ity.

What is costume of your culture that you wish other country would adopt ?

I'd like the other countries to adopt folk costume from my hometown, Minangkabau, West Sumatra. It's so unique. It also taken one of the neighboring country. particular Minangkabau villages specialize in cottage industries producing handicraft such as women sugarcane and reed purses, gold purses, gold and silver jewelry using fliligree, and granulation technique, women songket textiles etc

I will tell you about clothes of Bundo Kanduang. A woman who has been appointed Bundo Kanduang (biological mother) plays an important role in his nation. Not all women can be Bundo content. He must be a wise man, his words are heard, go places and come home asking the news. He is also crate ambon puruak, means a place or a holder of treasures of his people.Therefore have different traditional clothes with other women. As well as the prince of clothing, each region has a variation of Minangkabau adat respectively. But generally completeness Kanduang Bundo clothing consists of tengkuluk, baju kurung, fabric sash, fabric glove, and adorned with earrings and necklaces.

A bladder Bundo tengkuluk wearing horns or tengkuluk ikek as headgear. The material is woven from the fabric balapak Smart Brush Padang Panjang. Shaped like buffalo horns with the pointed end of tufted gold or gilt brass. Use of this tengkuluk symbolizes that women as a homeowner gadang. Kurungnya clothes are black, red, blue or violet paved with gold thread. Minsai edges decorated as a symbol of democracy but within the limits that should be. On his right shoulder into the ribs left berselempang balapak fabric, symbolizing the responsibility must be shouldered by the Bundo Kanduang to continue the descent. Under the cover body is used sarong (codec) balapak embroidered in gold. Gloves are a religious function for the wearer, as a symbol of putting something in place like the proverbial endless eating, dived (hiding) lingering.

Earring jewelry that is worn or earrings of gold. Necklace of some sort, namely a horse necklace, necklace pinyaram, gadang necklaces, and necklace Kaban. Her hands adorned with bracelets sieve (large), snake bangle bracelet and bapahek. Use the bracelet symbolizes that everything must be done within the limits of ability.

Free Topic: The Most Important Day of Helen Keller

The most important day of Helen Keller is the one on which her teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan , came to her. The morning after Miss Sullivan came, she led Helen into her room and gave her a doll. When Helen had played with the doll for a while, Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into her hand the word "d-o-l-l". Helen was at once interested in this finger play, and she tried to imitate it. When she finally succeeded in making the letters correctly, she was flushed with childish pleasure and pride. Running downstairs to her mother, she held up her hand and made the letters for doll. She did not know that she was spelling a word or even that words existed: she was simply making her fingers go in monkey-like imitation. In the days that followed she learned to spell a great many words in this uncompehending way. She also learned that everything had a name, and each name gave birth to a new thought. She doesn't remember what new words are but she does know words make the world blossom for her.